2022 Investment Outlook: Assessing the path ahead

How will inflation define 2022? Kristina Hooper shares the investment outlook for the coming year, including a base case and two tail risk scenarios.

It’s that time of year again, when we release our Investment Outlook for the coming year. As always, this has been a collaborative effort, reflecting the views of many investment professionals and thought leaders at Invesco. We have provided a base case scenario, which we believe is very likely, along with the potential investment implications of that scenario. In addition, we have once again provided two tail risk scenarios, which we believe are less likely but nevertheless important to contemplate. We also explore the potential investment implications of those tail risk scenarios.

Setting the stage

2020 and 2021 saw dramatic monetary and fiscal policy moves. Now the stage is set for 2022 to be a year of transition as policies and economies move toward a more normal state. However, issues remain that will likely define the economic and market environment, including continued supply-chain disruptions and an upsurge in demand that threaten to keep inflation high across many economies. For 2022, our outlook is centred on the question of inflation and how markets and policymakers may react to it.

Our base case

We expect global growth to normalize, remaining above its long-term trend but decelerating to a more sustainable rate as fiscal stimulus is gradually removed. We anticipate that inflation will peak in mid-2022 and then start to slowly moderate, backing down toward target rates by the end of 2023 as supply-chain issues resolve, vaccination levels increase, and more employees return to the workforce. We still believe the U.S. Federal Reserve (Fed) will be patiently accommodative, with a rate lift-off in the back half of 2022, although other developed countries’ central banks might act more quickly. Finally, we expect volatility will increase as markets digest the transition to slower growth and a gradual tightening in monetary policy.

From a relative asset allocation perspective, our base case expectations lead us to a reduced risk posture, with a slight overweighting of equities tilted toward defensive sectors such as information technology, communication services, health care, real estate and consumer staples. We prefer quality and large caps in this scenario, given slowing growth expectations and stable (or lower) long-term bond yields. We also anticipate that alternatives such as real estate and private credit, as well as commodities, would outperform in this environment. For regional allocations, our base case indicates a preference for emerging markets (including EM currencies) due to cyclical divergence and U.S. equities over other developed markets as the global slowdown favours regions with lower cyclical exposure and lower operating leverage.

Transitory inflation risk

In our transitory inflation risk scenario, current inflation fears prove to be overblown, with inflation gradually coming off its current highs toward something close to or below 2%. We see higher than normal growth in this environment, ultimately pointing to economies being earlier in the cycle than we currently judge them. In this scenario, our favoured asset classes would include equities (particularly industrials, materials, energy, and financials) as well as high yield and investment grade fixed income; regionally we would prefer the U.S. (and the U.S. dollar) and developed ex-U.S. markets.

Persistent inflationary risk

In our persistent inflationary risk scenario, developed central banks’ messaging fails to convince markets that inflation is transitory, with further elevated prints throughout 2022. We see the problem as stemming from a combination of elevated demand driven by past monetary expansion and supply-side disruptions. This causes inflation expectations to become unanchored, with medium-term expectations rising above the 4% mark persistently. This would signal a loss of credibility for those central banks, requiring action that prompts a significant risk of ending the current economic cycle. In this downside scenario, we would look for gold, ex-U.S. developed market sovereigns (hedged), and inflation-protected bonds to outperform. Within equities we would prefer defensives, communications, large caps, and quality issuers. Regionally we would favour Australia, Canada, and Japan.

The path ahead

We recognize that we have formed these views largely prior to the emergence of the Omicron variant and the possibility of an accelerated taper timeline from the Fed. These events at present do not alter our views in a meaningful way. Indeed, the potential for an earlier move from the Fed is a marginal event, and the Omicron variant introduces uncertainty but has not yielded a Draconian shutdown in economic activity. Omicron may prolong the recovery in tourism and some services sectors, but we do not foresee a return to harsh early-pandemic measures to manage the virus. As we have said so many times throughout this pandemic, the risks are elevated but we remain optimistic about the path forward.

Read more from our 2022 Investment Outlook

With contributions from Ashley Oerth.