by Jeffrey Kleintop, Chief Global Investment Strategist, Charles Schwab and Company, Inc.
Global stocks may continue to rise in the second half of the year supported by broad global economic growth and receding political risks.
Key Points
- Global stocks may continue to post gains in the second half of the year as earnings growth continues.
- The global economy is having one of its best years in more than half a decade and the populist political and trade risks that loomed at the beginning of the year have mostly faded, narrowing the risks to growth.
- The weaker dollar, rather than better growth, has been the key driver behind international stock outperformance this year. A stable to higher dollar could pose a risk to sustaining international outperformance in the second half of the year.
Global stocks may continue to rise in the second half of the year as long as earnings growth continues—although periods of pullbacks are expected and healthy in a long-term bull market. This outlook is supported by broad global economic growth and receding political risks. The factors that that led to outperformance by international stocks in the first half of the year may ease in the second half of the year.
Broad economic growth
The global economy is having one of its best years in more than half a decade. All of the world's top 20 economies are growing so far this year, a broadening of growth we haven't seen since 2010, and that is boosting growth in emerging market economies as they export more.
All of the world's top 20 economies on track to grow in 2017
Source: Charles Schwab, International Monetary Fund World Economic Outlook April 2017.
Economic growth highlights from Europe, Asia and Latin America:
- Europe has posted a solid pace of growth so far this year, and while we don't have the second quarter GDP number yet, the Eurozone outgrew the United States in the first quarter, as it has most quarters during the past couple of years. Economic surveys in Europe continue to rise to near past peaks and may ease in the second half of the year, but Europe’s economic data reveal steady growth that is likely to be maintained, as can be seen in the pace of retail sales, industrial production, and job growth.
- In Asia, recession-prone Japan has put together the longest run of economic growth in more than a decade. The second quarter is likely to mark the sixth consecutive quarter of growth for Japan's economy, a welcome break from the three recessions over the past 10 years. Elsewhere in Asia, China's economy slowed in the second quarter as they braced for rate hikes by the Fed, but that was after a strong start to the year.
- In Latin America, Brazil’s political climate remains chaotic and threatens to return the economy to recession. But, in Mexico the outlook has improved, demonstrated by the peso this year fully recouping the more than 15% drop that followed last year’s U.S. election.
Leading indicators of global economic growth, such as the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's Index of Leading Economic Indicators for the world's economies continues to rise, pointing to sustained global growth in the second half of the year.
Receding risks to growth
The populist political and trade risks that loomed at the beginning of the year have mostly faded as protectionist rhetoric has cooled and European election outcomes eased worries over a breakup of the Eurozone. Most encouragingly, world trade is on track to post the best growth since 2010 as we head into the second half of the year. This is important since the companies in the MSCI AC World Index get more than half of their revenues from international trade.
Leading indicator points to further pickup in trade
Global trade volume from CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.
Source: Charles Schwab, Bloomberg data as of 6/5/2017.
One risk hasn't receded this year: the United Kingdom's exit from the European Union, or Brexit. However, markets have recognized that Brexit is a slow moving risk with a long period of negotiations just beginning. The stakes for the U.K. are high and that is reflected in the yield spreads. Historically, stock market peaks are usually signaled by the spread between long and short-term interest rates ahead of a recession and accompanying downturn in corporate profits. Examining yield spreads from around the world, they show that the risk of recession is currently modest—except for the U.K. where the Brexit-related uncertainly has about a 60% chance of tipping the U.K. economy into recession in the coming year based on the history of U.K. yield spreads and recessions since 1970. Despite financial linkages, broader global growth should help to keep the risks largely contained to the U.K. economy.
International stock outperformance
Better economic growth isn't why international developed market stocks outperformed U.S. stocks in the first half of the year. Instead that has all been due to the weaker dollar—where politics have had an impact on markets this year. The drop in the dollar in the first half of the year boosted the MSCI EAFE Index by 5%. If we strip out the gains from the drop in the dollar and look at relative performance in local currencies, international stocks actually lagged U.S. stocks despite better economic growth.
International stocks outperformed due to a 5% drop in the dollar
Source: Charles Schwab, Bloomberg data as of 6/20/2017.
Relative stock market performance is usually driven more by the performance of sectors that dominate a country’s stock market, rather than the country's GDP growth. This year, the technology sector has led world markets higher and the U.S. stock market has much more exposure to the technology sector than do the rest of the world's markets. In the second half of this year, economic growth should remain solid in the world’s developed markets. But, if the dollar stabilizes and the technology sector continues to lead the market, we may not see the same outperformance by international stocks we saw in the first half of the year.
After the 17% gain in the MSCI Emerging Markets Index through June 25, it is worth keeping in mind that EM stocks have experienced several 17% or greater rallies in each of the past few years only to give those gains back again. But unlike in past rallies, this year’s EM outperformance has been supported by all four key drivers:
- stronger developed country demand,
- solid growth in emerging market economies,
- a break from the long decline in commodity prices (excluding oil),
- a weaker U.S. dollar.
While there are risks to these drivers in the second half of the year, the breadth of drivers makes EM less vulnerable to giving up these gains than in recent years when they were less well supported.
Risks to global stocks
Rather than a geopolitical event, the biggest risk to stock market performance is likely an easing of the expectations for economic and earnings growth that have been supporting stocks' above-average valuations. While the price-to-earnings ratio for global companies has risen to near 15-year highs, this year's broader global economic growth has lifted earnings per share and kept the price-to-earnings ratio for the MSCI All Country World Index below the 2015 peak even as global stock prices have hit record highs.
Global stocks are making new record highs but valuations are not
Source: Charles Schwab. Factset data as of 6/25/2017.
While valuations of stock markets around the world are collectively near 15-year highs, they vary widely. Making valuation comparisons across markets can be challenging. The price-to-earnings ratio (PE), which divides price by the earnings over the trailing twelve months, is probably the most well-known and oldest of valuation measures. Comparing the U.S. stock market to that of Japan presents a stark contrast. With the MSCI USA Index PE of 21 and MSCI Japan Index PE of 14, it appears Japan offers investors a relative bargain compared to the United States.
Appearances can be misleading since stock markets of different countries tend to be valued similarly to the different sector(s) that drive their performance, as you can see in the charts below.
- Since the U.S. behaves like technology it isn't surprising that the MSCI USA Index is valued like the MSCI World Information Technology Index which has a similar PE of 23.
- Likewise, the MSCI Japan Index performs like and is valued like the MSCI World Financials index which has a similar PE of 14.
- We can also see this looking at the Eurozone which is composed of 19 European countries (with a PE of 18 for the MSCI Euro Index) and tends to perform like—and is valued just like—a combination of three different world sectors: financials, telecommunications and materials.
- Finally, Australia performs like industries in the world materials sector (chemicals along with metals and mining) and the MSCI Australia Index has a PE of 15, similar to the weighted combination of those industries.
Country performance and valuation tied to sectors
Source: Charles Schwab, Factset data as of 6/21/2017.
Past performance is no guarantee of future results. Indexes measure cumulative total return in US dollars since start of 2006.
The valuation differentials between sectors and across different countries are currently not far from their 20-year averages, suggesting relative valuations do not currently support a compelling reason to favor one country's stock market over another when seeking value.
Interestingly, for the first time ever, the "cash" in portfolios has actually been more volatile than stocks. The dollar, the pound and the yen have been all more volatile on a daily basis than their country’s stock markets, as you can see in the chart below for the U.S..
Volatility of "cash" exceeds stocks for first time
Source: Charles Schwab, Bloomberg data as of 6/9/2017.
Some investors may see this as a worrisome sign for the second half of the year as they fear that stocks market participants have gotten complacent about better growth. But it is comforting to know that while it is true that global stock market volatility is low, that hasn’t been a leading indicator of declines in the past.
Interestingly, currencies continue to absorb the impact of political and policy developments while stocks remain tightly connected to earnings, serving as a reminder about staying focused on what matters and also the currency risk in international investing.
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Important Disclosures
The information provided here is for general informational purposes only and should not be considered an individualized recommendation or personalized investment advice. The investment strategies mentioned here may not be suitable for everyone. Each investor needs to review an investment strategy for his or her own particular situation before making any investment decision.
All expressions of opinion are subject to change without notice in reaction to shifting market or economic conditions. Data contained herein from third party providers is obtained from what are considered reliable sources. However, its accuracy, completeness or reliability cannot be guaranteed.
Past performance is no guarantee of future results and the opinions presented cannot be viewed as an indicator of future performance.
International investments involve additional risks, which include differences in financial accounting standards, currency fluctuations, geopolitical risk, foreign taxes and regulations, and the potential for illiquid markets. Investing in emerging markets may accentuate these risks.
The MSCI ACWI captures large and mid cap representation across 23 Developed Markets (DM) and 23 Emerging Markets (EM) countries*. With 2,484 constituents, the index covers approximately 85% of the global investable equity opportunity set.
The MSCI World Index captures large and mid cap representation across 23 Developed Markets (DM) countries*. With 1,634 constituents, the index covers approximately 85% of the free float-adjusted market capitalization in each country.
The MSCI EAFE Index is an equity index which captures large and mid cap representation across Developed Markets countries* around the world, excluding the US and Canada. With 928 constituents, the index covers approximately 85% of the free float-adjusted market capitalization in each country.
The MSCI World Financials Index is designed to capture the large and mid cap segments across 23 Developed Markets (DM) countries. All securities in the index are classified in the Financials sector as per the Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS®).
The MSCI World Information Technology Index is designed to capture the large and mid cap segments across 23 Developed Markets (DM) countries. All securities in the index are classified in the Information Technology sector as per the Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS®).
The MSCI World Metals and Mining Index is composed of large and mid cap stocks across 23 Developed Markets (DM) countries. All securities in the index are classified in the Metals & Mining industry (within the Materials sector) according to the Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS®).
The MSCI World Chemicals Index is composed of large and mid cap stocks across 23 Developed Markets (DM) countries. All securities in the index are classified in the Chemicals industry (within the Materials sector) according to the Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS®).
The MSCI World Telecommunication Services Index is designed to capture the large and mid cap segments across 23 Developed Markets (DM) countries*. All securities in the index are classified in the Telecommunication Services sector as per the Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS®).
The MSCI World Materials Index is designed to capture the large and mid cap segments across 23 Developed Markets (DM) countries. All securities in the index are classified in the Materials sector as per the Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS®).
The MSCI USA Index is designed to measure the performance of the large and mid cap segments of the US market. With 622 constituents, the index covers approximately 85% of the free float-adjusted market capitalization in the US.
The MSCI Euro Index captures large cap representation across the 10 Developed Markets (DM) countries in the EMU*. With 127 constituents, the index covers approximately 70% of the free float-adjusted market capitalization of the EMU.
The MSCI Japan Index is designed to measure the performance of the large and mid cap segments of the Japanese markets. With 314 constituents, the index covers approximately 85% of the free float-adjusted market capitalization in Japan.
The MSCI Australia Index is designed to measure the performance of the large and mid cap segments of the Australia market. With 71 constituents, the index covers approximately 85% of the free float-adjusted market capitalization in Australia.
The MSCI Emerging Markets Index captures large and mid cap representation across 23 Emerging Markets (EM) countries. With 832 constituents, the index covers approximately 85% of the free float-adjusted market capitalization in each country.
The S&P 500® measures large cap U.S. equities. It includes 500 of the top companies in leading industries of the U.S. economy. Focusing on the large-cap segment of the market, the S&P 500 covers approximately 80% of available U.S. market capitalization.
The DXY, or U.S. Dollar Index, indicates the general int'l value of the US dollar this by averaging the exchange rates between the US dollar and major world currencies. The ICE US computes this by using the rates supplied by some 500 banks.
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