Howard Marks, Chairman, Oaktree Capital Management, has recently published his latest memo The Limits to Negativism, sharing his most recent perspective on the market. For a certain strata of Wall Street denizens, Marks' writings are equally anticipated to those of Warren Buffett’s.
Marks is the chairman of Oaktree, the low-profile but powerful L.A-based firm that manages more than $50 billion in alternative investments, mostly in fixed-income strategies. He’s been writing memos to clients since 1990, but a cult following developed after a missive he penned on Jan. 1, 2000 titled “bubble.com.” A few months before tech stocks imploded, Marks sounded a warning. “To say technology, Internet and telecommunications stocks are too high and about to decline is comparable today to standing in front of a freight train,” he wrote. “To say they have benefited from a boom of colossal proportions and should be examined skeptically is something I feel I owe you.”
Back on March 23, 2008 we published excerpts from Howard Marks memo, The Tide Goes Out. This most recent memo is a fascinating read from one of the most important people in the market, and we feel that it is a must read. It is broken out into several well defined subsections, and we are sure that you will find it eloquent and enlightening. Here are some excerpts from the memo of October 15, 2008, The Limits to Negativism.
The Swing of Psychology
The last few weeks witnessed the greatest panic I’ve ever seen, as measured by its severity, the range of assets affected, its worldwide scope and the negativity of the accompanying tales of doom. I’ve been through market crashes before, but none attributed to the coming collapse of the world financial system.
It's worth noting that few of the recent sharp price declines were associated with weakness in the depreciating assets or the companies behind them. Rather, they were the result of market conditions brought on by psychology, technical developments and their interconnection. The worst of them reflected a spiral of declining security prices, mark-to-market tests, capital inadequacy, margin calls, forced selling and failures.
For forty years I’ve seen the manic-depressive cycle of investor psychology swing crazily: between fear and greed – we all know the refrain – but also between optimism and pessimism, and between credulity and skepticism. In general, following the beliefs of the herd – and swinging with the pendulum – will give you average performance in the long run and can get you killed at the extremes.
The Black Swan
The message of The Black Swan is how important it is to realize that the things everyone rules out can still come to pass. That might be generalized into an understanding of the importance of skepticism.
I'd define skepticism as not believing what you're told or what "everyone" considers true. In my opinion, it's one of the most important requirements for successful investing. If you believe the story everyone else believes, you'll do what they do. Usually you'll buy at high prices and sell at lows. You'll fall for tales of the "silver bullet" capable of delivering high returns without risk. You'll buy what's been doing well and sell what's been doing poorly. And you'll suffer losses in crashes and miss out when things recover from bottoms. In other words, you'll be a conformist, not a maverick (an overused word these days); a follower, not a contrarian.
Skepticism is what it takes to look behind a balance sheet, the latest miracle of financial engineering or the can't-miss story. The idea being marketed by an investment banker or broker has been prettied up for presentation. And usually it's been doing well, making the tale more credible. Only a skeptic can separate the things that sound good and are from the things that sound good and aren't. The best investors I know exemplify this trait. It's an absolute necessity.
Regarding Bear Markets
In "The Tide Goes Out" in March, I listed the stages of both bull and bear markets. I said that in the terminal third stage of a bull market, everyone is convinced things will get better forever. The folly of joining that consensus is obvious; people who invest thinking there'll never be anything to worry about are sure to get hurt.
In the third stage of a bear market, on the other hand, everyone agrees things can only get worse. The risk in that - in terms of opportunity costs, or forgone profits - is equally clear. There's no doubt in my mind that the bear market reached the third stage last week. That doesn't mean it can't decline further, or that a bull market's about to start. But it does mean the negatives are on the table, optimism is thoroughly lacking, and the greater long-term risk probably lies in not investing.
The excesses, mistakes and foolishness of the 2003-2007 upward leg of the cycle were the greatest I've ever witnessed. So has been the resulting panic. The damage that's been done to security prices may be enough to correct for those excesses - or too much or too little. But certainly it's a good time to pick among the rubble.
Marks often ends with a quote from Warren Buffett, and often it’s the same one:
The less prudence with which others conduct their affairs, the greater the prudence with which we should conduct our own affairs.
Make sure you read the complete text. It is a must.
Thank you Mr. Marks.
Source: Howard Marks, Oaktree, October 15, 2008, The Limits to Negativism
